Access UB

Learn how to access UB.

brpc可通过多种方式访问用ub搭建的服务。

ubrpc (by protobuf)

r31687后,brpc支持通过protobuf访问ubrpc,不需要baidu-rpc-ub,也不依赖idl-compiler。(也可以让protobuf服务被ubrpc client访问,方法见使用ubrpc的服务)。

步骤:

  1. idl2proto把idl文件转化为proto文件,老版本idl2proto不会转化idl中的service,需要手动转化。

    // Converted from echo.idl by brpc/tools/idl2proto
    import "idl_options.proto";
    option (idl_support) = true;
    option cc_generic_services = true;
    message EchoRequest {
      required string message = 1; 
    }
    message EchoResponse {
      required string message = 1; 
    }
    
    // 对于idl中多个request或response的方法,要建立一个包含所有request或response的消息。
    // 这个例子中就是MultiRequests和MultiResponses。
    message MultiRequests {
      required EchoRequest req1 = 1;
      required EchoRequest req2 = 2;
    }
    message MultiResponses {
      required EchoRequest res1 = 1;
      required EchoRequest res2 = 2;
    }
    
    service EchoService {
      // 对应idl中的void Echo(EchoRequest req, out EchoResponse res);
      rpc Echo(EchoRequest) returns (EchoResponse);
    
      // 对应idl中的uint32_t EchoWithMultiArgs(EchoRequest req1, EchoRequest req2, out EchoResponse res1, out EchoResponse res2);
      rpc EchoWithMultiArgs(MultiRequests) returns (MultiResponses);
    }
    

    原先的echo.idl文件:

    struct EchoRequest {
        string message;
    };
    
    struct EchoResponse {
        string message;
    };
    
    service EchoService {
        void Echo(EchoRequest req, out EchoResponse res);
        uint32_t EchoWithMultiArgs(EchoRequest req1, EchoRequest req2, out EchoResponse res1, out EchoResponse res2);
    };
    
  2. 插入如下片段以使用代码生成插件。

    BRPC_PATH代表brpc产出的路径(包含bin include等目录),PROTOBUF_INCLUDE_PATH代表protobuf的包含路径。注意–mcpack_out要和–cpp_out一致。

    protoc --plugin=protoc-gen-mcpack=$BRPC_PATH/bin/protoc-gen-mcpack --cpp_out=. --mcpack_out=. --proto_path=$BRPC_PATH/include --proto_path=PROTOBUF_INCLUDE_PATH
    
  3. 用channel发起访问。

    idl不同于pb,允许有多个请求,我们先看只有一个请求的情况,和普通的pb访问基本上是一样的。

    #include <brpc/channel.h>
    #include "echo.pb.h"
    ...
    
    brpc::Channel channel;
    brpc::ChannelOptions opt;
    opt.protocol = brpc::PROTOCOL_UBRPC_COMPACK; // or "ubrpc_compack";
    if (channel.Init(..., &opt) != 0) {
        LOG(ERROR) << "Fail to init channel";
        return -1;
    }
    EchoService_Stub stub(&channel);
    ...
    
    EchoRequest request;
    EchoResponse response;
    brpc::Controller cntl;
    
    request.set_message("hello world");
    
    stub.Echo(&cntl, &request, &response, NULL);
    
    if (cntl.Failed()) {
        LOG(ERROR) << "Fail to send request, " << cntl.ErrorText();
        return;
    }
    // 取response中的字段
    // [idl] void Echo(EchoRequest req, out EchoResponse res);
    //                              ^ 
    //                  response.message();
    

    多个请求要设置一下set_idl_names。

    #include <brpc/channel.h>
    #include "echo.pb.h"
    ...
    
    brpc::Channel channel;
    brpc::ChannelOptions opt;
    opt.protocol = brpc::PROTOCOL_UBRPC_COMPACK; // or "ubrpc_compack";
    if (channel.Init(..., &opt) != 0) {
        LOG(ERROR) << "Fail to init channel";
        return -1;
    }
    EchoService_Stub stub(&channel);
    ...
    
    MultiRequests multi_requests;
    MultiResponses multi_responses;
    brpc::Controller cntl;
    
    multi_requests.mutable_req1()->set_message("hello");
    multi_requests.mutable_req2()->set_message("world");
    cntl.set_idl_names(brpc::idl_multi_req_multi_res);
    stub.EchoWithMultiArgs(&cntl, &multi_requests, &multi_responses, NULL);
    
    if (cntl.Failed()) {
        LOG(ERROR) << "Fail to send request, " << cntl.ErrorText();
        return;
    }
    // 取response中的字段
    // [idl] uint32_t EchoWithMultiArgs(EchoRequest req1, EchoRequest req2,
    //        ^                         out EchoResponse res1, out EchoResponse res2);
    //        |                                           ^                      ^
    //        |                          multi_responses.res1().message();       |
    //        |                                                 multi_responses.res2().message();
    // cntl.idl_result();
    

    例子详见example/echo_c++_ubrpc_compack

ubrpc (by baidu-rpc-ub)

server端由public/ubrpc搭建,request/response使用idl文件描述字段,序列化格式是compack或mcpack_v2。

步骤:

  1. 依赖public/baidu-rpc-ub模块,这个模块是brpc的扩展,不需要的用户不会依赖idl/mcpack/compack等模块。baidu-rpc-ub只包含扩展代码,brpc中的新特性会自动体现在这个模块中。

  2. 编写一个proto文件,其中定义了service,名字和idl中的相同,但请求类型必须是baidu.rpc.UBRequest,回复类型必须是baidu.rpc.UBResponse。这两个类型定义在brpc/ub.proto中,使用时得import。

    import "brpc/ub.proto";              // UBRequest, UBResponse
    option cc_generic_services = true;
    // Define UB service. request/response must be UBRequest/UBResponse
    service EchoService {
        rpc Echo(baidu.rpc.UBRequest) returns (baidu.rpc.UBResponse);
    };
    
  3. 在COMAKE包含baidu-rpc-ub/src路径。

    # brpc/ub.proto的包含路径
    PROTOC(ENV.WorkRoot()+"third-64/protobuf/bin/protoc")
    PROTOFLAGS("--proto_path=" + ENV.WorkRoot() + "public/baidu-rpc-ub/src/")
    
  4. 用法和访问其他协议类似:创建Channel,ChannelOptions.protocol为brpc::PROTOCOL_NSHEAD_CLIENT或**“nshead_client”**。request和response对象必须是baidu-rpc-ub提供的类型

    #include <brpc/ub_call.h>
    ...
    
    brpc::Channel channel;
    brpc::ChannelOptions opt;
    opt.protocol = brpc::PROTOCOL_NSHEAD_CLIENT; // or "nshead_client";
    if (channel.Init(..., &opt) != 0) {
        LOG(ERROR) << "Fail to init channel";
        return -1;
    }
    EchoService_Stub stub(&channel);    
    ...
    
    const int BUFSIZE = 1024 * 1024;  // 1M
    char* buf_for_mempool = new char[BUFSIZE];
    bsl::xmempool pool;
    if (pool.create(buf_for_mempool, BUFSIZE) != 0) {
        LOG(FATAL) << "Fail to create bsl::xmempool";
        return -1;
    }
    
    // 构造UBRPC的request/response,idl结构体作为模块参数传入。为了构造idl结构,需要传入一个bsl::mempool
    brpc::UBRPCCompackRequest<example::EchoService_Echo_params> request(&pool);
    brpc::UBRPCCompackResponse<example::EchoService_Echo_response> response(&pool);
    
    // 设置字段
    request.mutable_req()->set_message("hello world");
    
    // 发起RPC
    brpc::Controller cntl;
    stub.Echo(&cntl, &request, &response, NULL);
    
    if (cntl.Failed()) {
        LOG(ERROR) << "Fail to Echo, " << cntl.ErrorText();
        return;
    }
    // 取回复中的字段
    response.result_params().res().message();
    ...
    

    具体example代码可以参考echo_c++_compack_ubrpc,类似的还有echo_c++_mcpack_ubrpc

nshead+idl

server端是由public/ub搭建,通讯包组成为nshead+idl::compack/idl::mcpack(v2)

由于不需要指定service和method,无需编写proto文件,直接使用Channel.CallMethod方法发起RPC即可。请求包中的nshead可以填也可以不填,框架会补上正确的magic_num和body_len字段:

#include <brpc/ub_call.h>
...
 
brpc::Channel channel;
brpc::ChannelOptions opt;
opt.protocol = brpc::PROTOCOL_NSHEAD_CLIENT; // or "nshead_client";
 
if (channel.Init(..., &opt) != 0) {
    LOG(ERROR) << "Fail to init channel";
    return -1;
}
...
 
// 构造UB的request/response,完全类似构造原先idl结构,传入一个bsl::mempool(变量pool)
// 将类型作为模板传入,之后在使用上可以直接使用对应idl结构的接口
brpc::UBCompackRequest<example::EchoRequest> request(&pool);
brpc::UBCompackResponse<example::EchoResponse> response(&pool);
 
// Set `message' field of `EchoRequest'
request.set_message("hello world");
// Set fields of the request nshead struct if needed
request.mutable_nshead()->version = 99;
 
brpc::Controller cntl;
channel.CallMethod(NULL, &cntl, &request, &response, NULL);    // 假设channel已经通过之前所述方法Init成功
 
// Get `message' field of `EchoResponse'
response.message();

具体example代码可以参考echo_c++_mcpack_ub,compack情况类似,不再赘述

nshead+mcpack(非idl产生的)

server端是由public/ub搭建,通讯包组成为nshead+mcpack包,但不是idl编译器生成的,RPC前需要先构造RawBuffer将其传入,然后获取mc_pack_t并按之前手工填写mcpack的方式操作:

#include <brpc/ub_call.h>
...
 
brpc::Channel channel;
brpc::ChannelOptions opt;
opt.protocol = brpc::PROTOCOL_NSHEAD_CLIENT; // or "nshead_client";
if (channel.Init(..., &opt) != 0) {
    LOG(ERROR) << "Fail to init channel";
    return -1;
}
...
 
// 构造RawBuffer,一次RPC结束后RawBuffer可以复用,类似于bsl::mempool
const int BUFSIZE = 10 * 1024 * 1024;
brpc::RawBuffer req_buf(BUFSIZE);
brpc::RawBuffer res_buf(BUFSIZE);
 
// 传入RawBuffer来构造request和response
brpc::UBRawMcpackRequest request(&req_buf);
brpc::UBRawMcpackResponse response(&res_buf);
         
// Fetch mc_pack_t and fill in variables
mc_pack_t* req_pack = request.McpackHandle();
int ret = mc_pack_put_str(req_pack, "mystr", "hello world");
if (ret != 0) {
    LOG(FATAL) << "Failed to put string into mcpack: "
               << mc_pack_perror((long)req_pack) << (void*)req_pack;
    break;
}  
// Set fields of the request nshead struct if needed
request.mutable_nshead()->version = 99;
 
brpc::Controller cntl;
channel.CallMethod(NULL, &cntl, &request, &response, NULL);    // 假设channel已经通过之前所述方法Init成功
 
// Get response from response buffer
const mc_pack_t* res_pack = response.McpackHandle();
mc_pack_get_str(res_pack, "mystr");

具体example代码可以参考echo_c++_raw_mcpack

nshead+blob

r32897后brpc直接支持用nshead+blob访问老server(而不用依赖baidu-rpc-ub)。example代码可以参考nshead_extension_c++

#include <brpc/nshead_message.h>
...
 
brpc::Channel;
brpc::ChannelOptions opt;
opt.protocol = brpc::PROTOCOL_NSHEAD; // or "nshead"
if (channel.Init(..., &opt) != 0) {
    LOG(ERROR) << "Fail to init channel";
    return -1;
} 
...
brpc::NsheadMessage request;
brpc::NsheadMessage response;
       
// Append message to `request'
request.body.append("hello world");
// Set fields of the request nshead struct if needed
request.head.version = 99;
 
 
brpc::Controller cntl;
channel.CallMethod(NULL, &cntl, &request, &response, NULL);
 
if (cntl.Failed()) {
    LOG(ERROR) << "Fail to access the server: " << cntl.ErrorText();
    return -1;
}
// response.head and response.body contains nshead_t and blob respectively.

或者用户也可以使用baidu-rpc-ub中的UBRawBufferRequest和UBRawBufferResponse来访问。example代码可以参考echo_c++_raw_buffer

brpc::Channel channel;
brpc::ChannelOptions opt;
opt.protocol = brpc::PROTOCOL_NSHEAD_CLIENT; // or "nshead_client"
if (channel.Init(..., &opt) != 0) {
    LOG(ERROR) << "Fail to init channel";
    return -1;
}
...
 
// 构造RawBuffer,一次RPC结束后RawBuffer可以复用,类似于bsl::mempool
const int BUFSIZE = 10 * 1024 * 1024;
brpc::RawBuffer req_buf(BUFSIZE);
brpc::RawBuffer res_buf(BUFSIZE);
 
// 传入RawBuffer来构造request和response
brpc::UBRawBufferRequest request(&req_buf);
brpc::UBRawBufferResponse response(&res_buf);
         
// Append message to `request'
request.append("hello world");
// Set fields of the request nshead struct if needed
request.mutable_nshead()->version = 99;
 
brpc::Controller cntl;
channel.CallMethod(NULL, &cntl, &request, &response, NULL);    // 假设channel已经通过之前所述方法Init成功
 
// Process response. response.data() is the buffer, response.size() is the length.

Last modified March 18, 2024: Update index.md (19da9e2)